ㄓㄨㄢzhuānㄕㄢˋshàn

  1. 獨斷獨行後漢書··》:專擅機事大小莫不。」文明小史·》:起初沖天炮後來知道不能專擅便大失所望。」專斷擅自

without authorization, to act on one's own initiative
sans autorisation, agir sur sa propre initiative